铝的密度是2.7约为一般金属的1/3而常用铝导线的导电度约为铜61％，导热度为银的一半。虽然纯铝极软且富延展性，但仍可通过冷加工及做成合金来使它硬化。铝土矿是铝的重要来源，制造一镑氧化铝约需要两磅铝土矿，而制造一磅金属铝需要两磅氧化铝。
The density of aluminum is about 2.7, which is about 1/3 of common metals. The conductivity of commonly used aluminum conductors is about 61% of copper and the thermal conductivity is half of silver. Although pure aluminum is extremely soft and highly malleable, it can be hardened by cold working and alloy making. Bauxite is an important source of aluminum. It takes about two pounds of bauxite to make a pound of alumina, and a pound of metal aluminum needs two pounds of alumina.
铝在自然界中多以氧化物、氢氧化物和含氧的铝硅酸盐存在极少发现铝的自然金属。目前已知的含铝矿物有258种，其中罕见的矿物约43种。实际上，由纯矿物组成的铝矿床是没有的一般都是共生分布，并混有杂质。从经济和技术观点出发，并不是所有的含铝矿物都能成为工业原料。用于提炼金属铝的主要是由一水硬铝石、一水软铝石或三水铝石组成的铝土矿。
In the nature of aluminum, aluminum is mostly found in oxides, hydrides and aluminosilicate containing oxygen. At present, there are 258 known aluminum minerals, of which 43 are rare minerals. In fact, there are no aluminum deposits composed of pure minerals. They are generally symbiotic and mixed with impurities. From the point of view of economy and technology, not all aluminum minerals can become industrial raw materials. The main purpose of refining metal aluminum is bauxite composed of diaspore, diaspore and gibbsite.
一水硬铝石又名水铝石，结构式和分子式分别为AlOOH和Al2O3?H2O斜方晶系，结晶完好者呈柱状、板状、鳞片状、针状、棱状等。矿石中的水铝石一般均含有TiO2SiO2Fe2O3Ga2O3Nb2O5Ta2O5P2O3等不同量类质同象混入物。水铝石溶于酸和碱，但在常温常压下溶解甚弱，需在高温高压和强酸或强碱浓度下才能完全分解。一水硬铝石形成于酸性介质，与一水软铝石、赤铁矿、针铁矿、高岭石、绿泥石、黄铁矿等共生。其水化可变成三水铝石，脱水可变成α刚玉，可被高岭石、黄铁矿、菱铁矿、绿泥石等交代。

Diaspore is also known as bauxite. The structure and molecular formula are AlOOH and Al2O3? H2O in the trapezoid system, and the well crystallized people are columnar, plate, scaly, needle and prism. The bauxite in ore generally contains TiO2SiO2Fe2O3Ga2O3Nb2O5Ta2O5P2O3 and other isomorphic mixtures. Boehmite is soluble in acid and alkali, but it is very weak at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It must be decomposed at high temperature and high pressure or strong acid or strong base. Diaspore is formed in acidic medium. It is symbiosis with monohydrate, hematite, goethite, kaolinite, chlorite and pyrite. Its hydration can be turned into gibbsite, dehydrated into alpha corundum, and can be metasomated by kaolinite, pyrite, siderite and chlorite.
一水软铝石又名勃姆石、软水铝石，结构式为AlOOH分子式为Al2O3?H2O斜方晶系，结晶完好者呈菱形体、棱面状、棱状、针状、纤维状和六角板状。矿石中的一水软铝石常含Fe2O3TiO2Cr2OGa2O3等类质同象。一水软铝石可溶于酸和碱。该矿物形成于酸性介质，主要产在堆积铝土矿中，其特征是与菱铁矿共生。可被一水硬铝石、三水铝石、高岭石等交代，脱水可转变成一水硬铝石和α刚玉，水化可变成三水铝石。
A diaspore, also known as bauxite and bauxite, is structured as AlOOH Al2O3? H2O, with a diamond shaped, prismatic, prismatic, needle like, fibrous and six angle plate. The bauxite in ore often contains Fe2O3TiO2Cr2OGa2O3 and other isomorphism. A water diaspore is soluble in acid and alkali. The mineral is formed in acidic medium, mainly in the accumulation of bauxite, and is characterized by symbiosis with siderite. It can be metasomatism by diaspore, gibbsite and kaolinite. Dehydration can be transformed into diaspore and Gangyu, and hydration can turn into gibbsite.
三水铝石又名水铝氧石、氢氧铝石，结构式AlOH分子式为Al2O3?3H2O单斜晶系，结晶完好者呈六角板状、棱镜状，常有呈细晶状集合体或双晶，矿石中三水铝石多呈不规则状集合体，均含有不同量的TiO2SiO2Fe2O3Nb2O5Ta2O5Ga2O3等类质同象或机械混入物。三水铝石溶于酸和碱，其粉末加热到100℃经2h即可完全溶解。三水铝石形成于酸性介质，风化壳矿床中是原生矿物，与高岭石、针铁矿、赤铁矿、伊利石等共生。三水铝石脱水可变成一水软铝石、一水硬铝石和α刚玉，可被高岭石、多水高岭石等交代。
Diaspore, also known as bauxite and hydrooxystasite, structure AlOH molecular formula is Al2O3? 3H2O monoclinic system, and the perfect crystallizer is six angles and prism, often with fine crystalline aggregate or double crystal. Or mechanical mixing. Gibbsite is soluble in acid and alkali, and its powder is heated to 100 degrees, and it can be completely dissolved by 2H. Gibbsite is formed in acidic medium. The weathering crust deposit is primary mineral, and is intergrowth with kaolinite, goethite, hematite and illite. The dehydration of gibbsite can turn into a bauxite, diaspore and Gangyu, and can be metasomatic by kaolinite and kaolinite.
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