铝的自然属性，铝是一种轻金属,其化合物在自然界中分布极广,地壳中铝的资源约为400～500 亿吨,仅次于氧和硅,具第三位。在金属品种中，仅次于钢铁，为第二大类金属。铝具有特殊的化学、物理特性，不仅重量轻，质地坚，而且具有良好的延展性、导电性、导热性、耐热性和耐核辐射性，是国民经济发展的重要基础原材料。
Aluminum is a natural property. Aluminum is a light metal. Its compounds are widely distributed in nature. The resources of aluminum in the earth's crust are about 400~500 billion tons, second only to oxygen and silicon, with third. Among the metal varieties, steel is only second kinds of metals. Aluminum has special chemical and physical properties. It is not only light weight, strong texture, but also has good ductility, conductivity, heat conductivity, heat resistance and radiation resistance. It is an important basic material for the development of national economy.
铝的比重为2.7，密度为2.72g/cm3，约为一般金属的1/3。工业纯铝的力学性能除了与纯度有关外，还与材料的加工状态有关。由于铝的塑性很好，具有延展性，便于各种冷、热压力加工，它既可以制成厚度仅为0.006 毫米的铝箔，也可以冷拨成极细的丝。通过添加其它元素还可以将铝制成合金使它硬化，强度甚至可以超过结构钢，但仍保持着质轻的优点。
The specific gravity of aluminum is 2.7, and its density is 2.72g/cm3, which is about 1/3 of common metals. The mechanical properties of industrial pure aluminum are not only related to purity, but also to the processing state of materials. Due to the good plasticity and ductility of aluminum, it is easy to process all kinds of cold and hot pressure. It can be made of aluminum foil with a thickness of only 0.006 millimeters, and it can also be cooled to very fine wire. By adding other elements, aluminum can also be made of alloy to harden it, and its strength can even exceed that of structural steel, but it still maintains the advantage of light weight.
铝锭的生产是由铝土矿开采、氧化铝生产、铝的电解等生产环节所构成。

The production of aluminum ingot is made up of bauxite mining, alumina production, aluminum electrolysis and other production links.
生产氧化铝的铝土矿主要有三种类型：三水铝石、一水硬铝石、一水软铝石。在已探明的铝土矿全球储量中，92％是风化红土型铝土矿，属三水铝石型，这些铝土矿的特点是低硅、高铁、高铝硅比，集中分布在非洲西部、大洋洲和中南美洲。其余的8％是沉积型铝土矿，属一水软铝石和一水硬铝石型，中低品位，主要分布在希腊、前南斯拉夫及匈牙利等地。由于三种铝土矿的特点不同，各氧化铝生产企业在生产上采取了不同的生产工艺，目前主要有拜耳法、碱石灰烧结法和拜尔－烧结联合法三种。通常高品位铝土矿采用拜耳法生产，中低品位铝土矿采用联合法或烧结法生产。拜尔法由于其流程简单，能耗低，已成为了当前氧化铝生产中应用较为主要的一种方法，产量约占全球氧化铝生产总量的95％左右。
There are mainly three types of bauxite producing alumina: gibbsite, diaspore and diaspore. Of the proven bauxite global reserves, 92% is the weathered red clay bauxite, which belongs to the trihydrate type. The bauxite is characterized by low silicon, high iron and high aluminum silicon ratio, concentrated in western Africa, Oceania and central and South America. The other 8% are sedimentary bauxite, which belong to a kind of diaspore and diaspore, with medium and low grade. It is mainly distributed in Greece, former Yugoslavia and Hungary. Because of the different characteristics of the three bauxite, various alumina production enterprises have adopted different production processes in production. At present, there are three kinds of Bayer process, alkali lime sintering method and Bayer sintering method. Usually bauxite ore is produced by Bayer process, and middle and low grade bauxite is produced by combined or sintering method. Bayer process has become the most important method of alumina production because of its simple process and low energy consumption, which accounts for about 95% of the total amount of alumina production in the world.
铝电解生产可分为侧插阳极棒自焙槽、上插阳极棒自焙槽和预焙阳极槽三大类。自焙槽生产电解铝技术有装备简单、建设周期短、投资少的特点，但烟气无法处理，污染环境严重，机械化困难，劳动强度大，不易大型化，单槽产量低，等一些不易克服的缺点，是正在被淘汰的生产工艺。而目前世界上大部分国家及生产企业都在使用大型预焙槽，槽的电流强度达到了350KA 以上，不仅自动化程度高，能耗低，单槽产量高，而且满足了环保法规的要求。
The production of aluminum electrolysis can be divided into three categories: the self inserted anode slot, the self inserted anode slot and the prebaked anode slot. The production of electrolytic aluminum by self baking tank has the characteristics of simple equipment, short construction period and less investment, but the flue gas can not be treated, the pollution of the environment is serious, the mechanization is difficult, the labor intensity is large, the production is not easy to be large, the production of single slot is low, and the production process is being eliminated. At present, most of the countries and production enterprises in the world are using large precalcined tanks. The current intensity of the grooves is above 350KA, which not only has high automation, low energy consumption and high output of single slot, but also meets the requirements of environmental protection regulations.
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