(一)刷涂
(1) brush coating
刷涂是使用较早、较简单和较传统的手工涂装方法，操作方便、灵活，可涂装任何形状的物件，除干性快、流平性较差的涂料外，可适用于各种涂料。刷涂法可使涂料渗透金属表面的细孔，加强涂膜对金属的附着力。缺点是劳动强度大、工作效率低、涂布外观欠佳。
Brushing is the earliest, simplest and most traditional manual painting method. It is easy to operate and flexible. It can be applied to all kinds of paints except those with fast drying and poor leveling. The brush coating can permeate the pores of the metal surface and enhance the adhesion of the coating to the metal. Disadvantages are labor intensity, low efficiency and poor coating appearance.
(二)刮涂
(two) scraping
刮涂是使用刮刀进行涂装的方法，用于黏度较高、100％固体含量的液态涂料的涂装。刮涂作业涂膜的常见缺陷是开裂、脱落、翻卷等，其涂膜的厚度也很难均匀。
Scraping is a method of using a scraper to coat liquid coatings with high viscosity and solid content. The common defects of the coating in scraping operation are cracking, shedding, rolling, etc. The thickness of the coating is also difficult to be uniform.
(三)浸涂
(three) dip coating
浸涂也是一种传统的涂装方法。该方法将被涂物浸没在盛有涂料的槽液中，随即取出，让多余的涂料滴落回槽液中，或采用机械方法将多余的涂料甩落。该法溶剂损失较大，容易造成空气污染，不适用于挥发性涂料，且涂膜的厚度不易均匀，一般用于结构复杂的器材或工件。
Dip coating is also a traditional coating method. The method immerses the coating in the bath containing the paint, and then takes it out to let the surplus paint drip back into the bath, or uses mechanical method to throw the surplus paint off. The solvent loss of this method is large and easy to cause air pollution. It is not suitable for volatile coatings, and the thickness of coatings is not uniform. It is generally used for equipment or workpieces with complex structure.
例如：在化工厂里，有些设备，如已组装好的换热器，由于内部的列管不能进行刷涂和喷涂，则可采用整体浸涂的方法施工。浸镀铝钢管主要用作石油化学工业中的管式炉管、各种热交换器管道、分馏塔管道等。
For example, in chemical plants, some equipments, such as assembled heat exchangers, can be constructed by integral dipping because the inner tubes can not be brushed and sprayed. Aluminum-dipped steel pipes are mainly used for tubular furnace pipes, heat exchanger pipes and fractionator pipes in petrochemical industry.
(四)淋涂
(four) drenching
淋涂是将涂料从喷嘴喷淋至被涂物表面，涂料经过自上而下的流淌将被涂物表面完全覆盖后形成涂膜的涂装工艺工程。此法所用设备简单，比较容易实现机械化生产，操作简便、生产效率高，但涂膜不平整或覆盖不完整．涂膜厚度不易均匀。淋涂比浸涂的溶剂消耗量大，也会产生安全和污染问题。
Spraying is a process engineering in which paint is sprayed from nozzle to the surface of the coating, and the coating is completely covered by the surface of the coating through top-down flow. The equipment used in this method is simple, easy to realize mechanized production, easy to operate and high production efficiency, but the film is not uniform or covered incompletely, and the film thickness is not uniform. Larger consumption of solvent than dip coating will cause safety and pollution problems.
(五)喷涂
(five) spraying
喷涂是利用压缩空气在喷枪嘴产生的负压将涂料容器中的涂料从涂料喷嘴喷出，并迅即进入高速的压缩空气流，使涂料液一一气相急剧扩散，被分散为雾状微粒射向被涂物，均匀涂布在表面。该法要求被喷涂的涂料黏度比较小。常在涂料中加入稀释剂。喷涂法优点是涂膜厚度均匀、外观平整、生产效率高。缺点是材料的损耗远大于刷涂和淋涂等方法，且使用溶剂性涂料时会造成环境的污染。适用于各种涂料和各种被涂物，是使用较为广泛的涂装工艺。例如：化工生产中采用的喷镀层，较为普遍的是在碳钢上喷镀铝和锌。锌镀层主要用于防止大气和水腐蚀。铝镀层可用于含硫化合物的腐蚀环境，如含硫石油加工设备和橡胶硫化罐等。
Spraying is to use the negative pressure produced by compressed air in the nozzle of the gun to eject the paint from the nozzle of the paint container, and quickly enter the high-speed compressed air flow, so that the paint liquid one by one vapor phase diffuses rapidly, and is dispersed into foggy particles to shoot at the coated object, evenly coated on the surface. This method requires that the viscosity of the sprayed coating is relatively small. Diluent is often added to the coating. The advantage of the spraying method is that the film thickness is uniform, the appearance is smooth, and the production efficiency is high. The disadvantage is that the material loss is much greater than that of brushing and spraying methods, and the use of solvent coatings will cause environmental pollution. It is suitable for all kinds of coatings and various coating materials. It is the most widely used painting process. For example, the spray coating used in chemical production is commonly used to spray aluminum and zinc on carbon steel. Zinc coating is mainly used to prevent atmospheric and water corrosion. Aluminum plating can be used in the corrosive environment of sulfur compounds, such as sulfur-containing petroleum processing equipment and rubber vulcanization tanks.