铝单板
Aluminum veneer
△杂乱无章的铝板种类
△ Types of disorderly aluminum plates
说实话，跟分辨铝板种类一样，理解铝单板的节点做法其实也比较麻烦，因为铝单板不同于“木材”和“石材”这样只有几种工艺做法的材料。
To be honest, just like distinguishing the types of aluminum panels, understanding the node method of aluminum veneers is actually quite troublesome, because aluminum veneers are different from materials with only a few process methods such as "wood" and "stone".
1、铝单板与不锈钢的区别
1. The difference between aluminum veneer and stainless steel
铝单板的节点做法是随着构造造型、安装部位，面积大小、完成面尺度以及施工工期都密切相关。不知道大家是否还记得不锈钢的5种常见的节点做法，如下图所示：
The node method of aluminum veneer is closely related to its structural shape, installation location, area size, finished surface scale, and construction period. I don't know if you still remember the 5 common node practices of stainless steel, as shown in the following figure:
△金属单板的五种节点做法
Five node methods for metal veneer
以上5种做法，是对几乎所有金属板材安装固定的抽象化表达。其中“扣装”（又叫卡扣、挂装）、“胶粘”、“打钉”这3类做法同时也适用于铝单板的安装。
The above five practices are Abstraction expressions for the installation and fixation of almost all metal plates. The three methods of "buckle installation" (also known as buckle or hanging installation), "adhesive", and "nailing" are also applicable to the installation of aluminum veneers.
2、需要掌握的数据
2. Data that needs to be mastered
在介绍铝单板的节点工艺之前，大家还需要知道一些数据，分别是：
Before introducing the node process of aluminum veneers, you also need to know some data, which are:
a、国内多数厂家的铝单板大常规规格可以做到6000mm×2000mm。一些特殊尺寸可把长边做至8000mm（L）×1800mm（W）。
a. Most domestic manufacturers can achieve a large conventional specification of 6000mm for aluminum veneer × 2000mm. Some special sizes can be made with long edges up to 8000mm (L) × 1800mm (W).
b、铝单板的常规厚度为2.5mm、3.0mm、4.0mm。有特殊需求的可以做更薄（1.5mm、2.0mm）或者更厚。
b. The conventional thickness of aluminum veneer is 2.5mm, 3.0mm, and 4.0mm. For those with special needs, they can be made thinner (1.5mm, 2.0mm) or thicker.
c、铝单板常见的规格为：600mm×600mm、600mm×1200mm，常用宽度为1220mm或1500mm居多。
c. The common specifications for aluminum veneer are: 600mm × 600mm, 600mm × 1200mm, commonly used width is 1220mm or 1500mm.
这些铝单板的规格数据你需要牢牢记住，在分缝设计中要考虑到，不要出现像【木饰面】板材中出现的分缝不和谐的问题。
You need to firmly remember the specification data of these aluminum veneers, and in the seam design, it should be taken into account to avoid problems such as disharmony in the seam of the wooden veneer board.
△木饰面未考虑分缝导致的设计问题
△ The design issues caused by the lack of consideration of joints in the wooden veneer
接下来，咱们由浅入深的对常见铝板做法进行图解，这一部分主要讲解“胶粘”、“打钉”的安装方式。
Next, let's illustrate the common aluminum plate methods from simple to deep, and this section mainly explains the installation methods of "adhesive" and "nailing".
1、胶粘式铝单板的节点做法
1. Node practice of adhesive aluminum veneer
胶粘式的铝单板节点为简单，如做法如下所示：
The adhesive type aluminum veneer node is simple, as follows:
△胶粘式铝单板CAD节点示意图
Schematic diagram of CAD nodes for adhesive aluminum veneer
这种做法是制图难度小，但是施工难度大以及后期出现质量隐患多的做法。
This approach is a method where the difficulty of drawing is low, but the difficulty of construction is high and there are many quality hazards in the later stage.
因为金属板面积越大，对平整度要求就越高，板子也就越厚，而且越容易起波光效果。这种胶粘的方式只适用于板材厚度薄的材质，比如不锈钢板、铜板等，壁厚一般为1.2~1.5mm。
Because the larger the area of the metal plate, the higher the requirement for flatness, the thicker the plate, and the easier it is to produce a shimmering effect. This adhesive method is only applicable to materials with thin plate thickness, such as stainless steel plate, copper plate, etc., and the wall thickness is generally 1.2-1.5mm.
△胶粘式铝单板三维节点示意图
Schematic diagram of three-dimensional nodes of △ adhesive aluminum veneer
这样的节点做法用在铝单板的安装时，只建议用于小面积的墙面铝板装饰上，吊顶和大面积装饰不建议采用此种做法，所以，一般在项目上几乎用不到这样的铝单板做法。
This node method is only recommended for small area wall aluminum panel decoration when installing aluminum veneers, and is not recommended for ceiling and large area decoration. Therefore, this aluminum veneering method is rarely used in projects.
2、打钉式铝单板的节点做法
2. Node practice of nailed aluminum veneer
如上图所示，铝单板的安装方式决定了铝单板的出厂形态。
As shown in the above figure, the installation method of the aluminum veneer determines the factory form of the aluminum veneer.
如果采用“打钉”的方式，在铝单板上就会有使用角码形成的“小耳朵”，通过“打钉”的方式将“小耳朵”与基层钢架进行固定，之后将缝隙处通过压条或者打胶的方式进行收口。
If the "nailing" method is used, there will be "small ears" formed by corner codes on the aluminum veneer. The "small ears" will be fixed to the base steel frame through the "nailing" method, and then the gaps will be closed by pressing or gluing.
△半柱面铝板
△ Half cylindrical aluminum plate
这种打钉固定铝单板的方式，几乎可以解决60%以上大面积铝单板的安装问题了。也是铝单板多的安装方式，被广泛用于铝单板吊顶、墙柱面的安装中。
This method of nailing and fixing aluminum veneers can almost solve the installation problem of over 60% of large area aluminum veneers. It is also a common installation method for aluminum veneers and is widely used in the installation of aluminum veneers for suspended ceilings and wall and column surfaces.
c、实例演示
c. Example demonstration
03.
three
扣装式铝单板的节点做法
Node practice of buckle mounted aluminum veneer
“胶粘”和“打钉”大家都有一定的了解了，接下来，再给大家介绍2种“扣装式”铝单板安装方式：“干挂式”和“卡扣式”。（这2种叫法只是我们这里的叫法，没有统一标准，大家记住节点做法就行。）
Everyone has a certain understanding of "adhesive" and "nailing". Next, we will introduce two "snap on" aluminum veneer installation methods: "dry hanging" and "snap on". (These two terms are just our terms here and there is no unified standard. Just remember the node method.)
1、干挂式
1. Dry hanging type
a、节点分析
a. Nodal analysis
“干挂式”的铝单板节点做法比较典型，它的工艺流程和基层做法可以代表所有采用“扣装式”和“打钉式”来安装的金属板构造。
The "dry hanging" aluminum veneer node method is quite typical, and its process flow and grassroots method can represent all metal plate structures installed using "buckle type" and "nail type" methods.
具体的施工流程是：测量、弹线→固定角钢角码→固定竖向龙骨→安装U型槽铝→安装金属板→清理、保护
The specific construction process is: measurement, line snapping, fixing angle steel angle codes, fixing vertical keels, installing U-shaped groove aluminum, installing metal plates, cleaning, and protection
b、设计把控要点
b. Design control points
① 采用这种“干挂式”做法，竖龙骨间距与板块宽度相同，建议金属板块宽度≤1200mm。
① Using this "dry hanging" method, the spacing between vertical keels is the same as the width of the plate, and it is recommended that the width of the metal plate be ≤ 1200mm.
② 为保证终饰面效果的平整度，采用“干挂式”做法的金属板厚度不宜＜2mm，板块越大厚度越厚，且需在板材背部加设背筋（加强筋）来保证金属板的平整度。
② To ensure the flatness of the final finish effect, the thickness of the metal plate using the "dry hanging" method should not be less than 2mm. The larger the plate, the thicker the thickness, and it is necessary to add back ribs (reinforcing ribs) on the back of the plate to ensure the flatness of the metal plate.
③ 固定竖龙骨的角码间距宜≤1200mm，但如果在轻体砌块上进行安装，则不能采用这种角码固定的方式，应将角码固定在混凝土圈梁或楼板、结构梁上。
③ The spacing between corner codes for fixing vertical keels should be ≤ 1200mm, but if installed on lightweight blocks, this method of corner code fixation cannot be used. Instead, corner codes should be fixed on concrete ring beams, floors, and structural beams.
△用基层板来代替钢架排布的做法
The practice of using base plate instead of steel frame layout
④ 采用基层板作为基体代替钢架来固定U型槽或吃钉，能够不受板块大小影响，相对布置灵活，但由于基层采用木夹板，防火性能不高。
④ Using a base plate as the base instead of a steel frame to fix U-shaped grooves or nails can be relatively flexible without being affected by the size of the plate. However, due to the use of wooden plywood in the base, the fire resistance performance is not high.
⑤ “干挂式”做法的金属板的阴阳角的做法如下所示：
⑤ The internal and external corners of the metal plate in the "dry hanging" method are as follows:
2、卡扣式
2. Snap on type
这种做法比较简单粗暴，也是比较新的铝单板固定法。其优点是比“干挂式”铝单板安装更快、成本更低、构造也非常简单，被广泛用于一些小空间的铝板墙面。但是从市场占有率上来说，远不及“干挂式”和“打钉式”的做法，因此，这种做法作为了解即
This method is relatively simple and rough, and it is also a relatively new aluminum veneer fixation method. Its advantages are faster installation, lower cost, and very simple construction compared to the "dry hanging" aluminum veneer, which is widely used for aluminum panel walls in some small spaces. However, in terms of market share, it is far inferior to the "dry hanging" and "nailing" methods. Therefore, as an understanding, this approach is
